Fashion as Base in Involvement in Understanding Consumers Essay

Design as Base in Involvement in Understanding Consumers - Essay Example The paper Design as Base in Involvement in Understanding Consumers is the report understanding buyer conduct utilizing buy choice contribution scale proposed by Mittal. What is contribution to the extent buy choice is thought of? A buyer has some natural needs esteems and interests and the object of thought must have pertinence inside that system. Frequently the association is of two sorts, one is situational which happens when somebody needs to buy the thing right at that point and needs to settle on a buy choice. There is another all the more suffering structure where the purchaser keeps up the degree of enthusiasm for an item or a help , well after the circumstance has passed and perseveres through regardless of whether the buy circumstance doesn't exist. The buy choice association includes four gatherings, the individual unquestionably, the item or the administration class , the circumstance and the correspondence. The scale which Mittal has proposed at an elevated level of suffe ring contribution the item or administration would have numerous characteristics assessed with compensatory choice models a limited scope of acknowledgment and a genuine brand dedication. At the low finish of the scale qualities are less significant, the choice model is non compensatory and a wide scope of acknowledgment and fake brand dependability. Again on the high finish of the scale you have meaningful messages on why the brand is the thing that it is on the low end , the advertisements have little substance. Promotions are less on the top of the line and continuous advertisements on the low end. Cost is less significant.

The Poor But Efficient Hypothesis Economics Essay

The Poor But Efficient Hypothesis Economics Essay In Chapter one we set moving the reason for this examination and disclose to the peruser the quintessence of measuring the sum the family unit is happy to pay for lessening intestinal sickness both in the present and later on. In this part we go above and beyond by auditing writing around there. This section is significant in light of the fact that it gives the peruser a kind of history into this territory of research. It likewise offers the peruser a chance to comprehend where our exploration stands vis-Ã -vis different looks into here. Getting an incentive for the minor impact of jungle fever on ranchers specialized proficiency is one of the live wires on which exact appraisals for our Willingness-To-Pay depend. We hence need to begin by assessing writing in the zone of productivity estimation; a short time later, we will investigation into writing in the region of Willingness To Pay. Before we proceed we feature the motivation behind estimating specialized effectiveness to the peruser. Specialized productivity fundamentally empowers one to comprehend the connection between input utilized and the yield (all out reaped crop). It additionally empowers us to quantify the presentation of individual homesteads in an industry just as give a file to the normal execution of the general business. This at that point drives us to propose strategy proposals that could help move the creation wilderness the most extreme feasible reap from each contribution of the ranch nearer to the business outskirts at the overarching innovation. As we progress in this exploration the peruser will additionally value this idea and the motivation behind why it is one of the most discussed ideas being developed/asset financial matters. Right now, our point is to inspect some writing that identifies with our territory of research. We along these lines start Section 2.1 by looking into writing identifying with the poor however proficient speculation of Schultz (1964). Area 2.2 audits some horticulture put together writing with respect to effectiveness and wellbeing. In doing this we isolate the investigation on wastefulness into two; the Frequentist (Section 2.2.1) and the Bayesian (Section 2.2.2) examines. Utilizing another strategy for arrangement, we group the investigation of effectiveness into single yield examines (Section 2.2.3) and numerous yield considers (Section 2.2.4). This places us on favorable terms to survey writing on Willingness-To-Pay in Section 2.4. Profitability/Efficiency Studies in Agriculture The Poor yet Efficient Hypothesis The gigantic volume of research on effectiveness in agribusiness draws inspiration from Schultz (1964) book Transforming Traditional Agriculture. In the book he clarifies why country ranchers are productive in the administration and distribution of assets. He progresses a speculation famously called the poor yet productive theory. Analysts attempt to confirm this theory quantitatively; in doing this, a great deal of issues go to the fore, some portion of which is; the most ideal approach to quantify profitability. Before the approach of the deterministic proportion of profitability spearheaded by Aigner and Chu (1968), and, Afriat (1972) specialists endeavor to quantify proficiency. Critical to us around there are crafted by Welsch (1965), Chennareddy (1967) and Lipton (1968) in light of the fact that they explicitly test the legitimacy of Schultzs poor however proficient speculation. Chennareddy (1967) uses the straight relapse investigation on an information of one hundred and four rice and tobacco ranchers in South India utilizing a Cobb-Douglas creation work. His discoveries were as per Schultz theory. He suggests that South Indian ranchers ought to embrace present day innovation and expansion instruction so as to move to a higher wilderness. Lipton (1986)â [1]â disagrees with this suggestion. He contends that in the event that Schultzs discoveries are right, at that point the rustic ranchers needn't bother with any master exhortation to improve their efficiency at the end of the day moving to a higher outskirts ought not be an issue for them. He further questions Schultzs statement accepting that it just works under a neo-traditional hypothesis of flawless rivalry; he confirms that if Schultz utilizes direct programming to dissect his information his discoveries would show that the rustic rancher is wasteful. Welsch (1965) in his examination on Abakaliki rice in Eastern Nigeria utilizes the direct relapse to avow that worker ranchers react to financial instigation by allotting effectively among a few assets available to them. Thus, he underpins Schultzs theory. One thing we need the peruser to note in the above gatherings of writing is; the authors who agree with Schultzs affirmation utilize parametric methods to come to their end result while Lipton (1968) utilizes a non-parametric straight programming procedure that accept in any event one factor isn't completely utilized. Similarly as the contention is going to stop, Sauer and Mendoza-Escalante (2007) include themselves in it. Their work serves to accommodate these oppositely contradicting ways of thinking. It puts to utilize a parametric standardized summed up Leontief (GL) benefit work strategy to dissect joint creation of Cassava flour and maize by little scope ranchers in Brazil. The little scope ranchers are allocatively effective, they affirm, yet they show impressive wastefulness in the size of activity. At this point, we remind the peruser that our deviation is purposeful. Our point is to show how Schultzs attestation has acquired an upsurge the quantity of productivity concentrates in farming with unique spotlight on the creating economies of the world. We like to state that the work affects explore being developed/asset financial matters yet it additionally prompts examine in human sciences and humanism (see Adams, 1986 and the survey by Michelena, 1965 pp. 540-541). Appropriate proportion of efficiency begins with Aigner and Chu (1968), Afriat (1972) and Richmond (1974) where they propose a deterministic technique for wilderness estimation. In spite of the fact that their investigations are out of date they anyway underscore the prominence of the Cobb-Douglas practical structure in the early writing to show the connection among info and yield. Aigner, Lovell and Schmidt (1977), Meeusen and van sanctum Broeck (1977), and, Battese and Corra (1977)â [2]â introduce the cutting edge stochastic boondocks investigation as we probably am aware it today all the while. Their model separated from consolidating the proficiency term into the deterministic model it additionally incorporates the impact of arbitrary stun, thus, the name stochastic. Lau and Yotopoulos (1971) likewise present a double benefit work model to quantify effectiveness yet their technique isn't as famous underway examination since it just yields proficiency measures for a gathering of homesteads while the wilderness strategy gives productivity esteems for singular ranches in the business (Fã ¸rsund et al 1980). The peruser should take note of that the direct relapses of Chennareddy (1967) and Welsch (1965) give the state of the innovation of a normal homestead in the business while the stochastic outskirts model gives the state of the innovation of the most gainful ranch in the business against which the proficiency of each other homestead is estimated (Coelli 1995). As such, Chennareddy (1967) and Welsch (1965) utilize a normal reaction model for their investigation. The determination of an utilitarian structure as well as distributional suspicion presents on a method the classification parametric while the non-particular of a practical/distributional structure gives on a strategy the non-parametric terminology. The non-parametric classification implies, in the expressions of Koop (2003), you are allowing the information to data. This he says is hard to accomplish as even in the non-parametric framework, much the same as in the parametric, one have to force certain structure on a specific issue so as to accomplish ones goals. The utilization of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) (another procedure is the Free Disposal Hull, FDH) eclipses each other method in the non-parametric class. Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978) present this procedure and gave it the name as we probably am aware it today. The information envelopment investigation procedure utilizes the direct programming strategy to produce a piece-wise encompass over the information focuses. The strategy is generally utilized in specialized productivity concentrates however it has the weakness of not joining irregularity in estimating effectiveness. Likewise, the encompass bend isn't wherever differentiable. Our concentration in this exploration is the parametric procedure. The parametric procedure has advanced such a great amount in the writing that there are currently two diverse econometric ways of thinking for assessing proficiency. The principal way of thinking are the Frequentists who overwhelm this field since its initiation and the second way of thinking are the Bayesians into which our examination has a place. The Frequentist Studies The main arrangement of Frequentist study is deterministic in nature and utilize the innovative structure of the scientific programming approach (see Aigner and Chu, 1968; Timmer, 1971; and, Fã ¸rsund and Hjalmarsson, 1979 for article on numerical/objective programming). Richmond (1974) presents the Modified Ordinary Least Square (MOLS) way to deal with examine the productivity of Norwegian assembling enterprises indicating a Cobb-Douglas creation work. Richmond (1974) is a change of the Corrected Ordinary Least Squares (COLS) approach. Winsten (1957) presents this model by accepting a dispersion, (for example, half typical or exponential) for the aggravation term. The Corrected Ordinary Least Square method includes a two stage process. The initial step includes the utilization of the Ordinary Least Squares to get steady and unbias evaluations of the minor impact parameters; in actuality, the block parameters are predictable yet inclination. The subsequent advance includes the movin g of the block upwards so the boondocks wraps the information from above. Greene (1980) takes Richmond (1974) work above and beyond as he expect a gamma appropriation for the arbitrary mistake term utilizing the most extreme probability appr

Topic Organisational Structure And Nursing Leadership management - 1 (3)

Topic Organisational Structure And Nursing Leadership/management Essay Topic: Organisational Structure And Nursing Leadership/management â€" Essay Example > IntroductionWith the increased awareness of the organizations studies, it has also become increasingly important that companies evaluate their structure, climate, and culture to ensure that they don’t hinder the organization’s objectives and goals. Studies show that organization performance is highly affected by its structure Phegan (2000) stress this point when he points out that an organization structure and culture defines how work is done in an organization. Organizational studies can be defined as study of organization from different perspectives, techniques, and using various standards of analysis. For example that study may focus on micro behaviour of the organization or the macro study of the organization. The Hospital chosenThis paper will be based on the New York City’s public Hospital System (HHC) is the biggest municipal public hospital and a health care system in the country; it has its central office at 125 worth street in New York. The hospital system boosts o f 7,407 beds with clinical visits of more than 4 million patients visiting the facilities very year. The hospital estimates show that the hospital is worth $5.4 billion and it serves more than 1.3 new Yorkers and more than 400,000 people who have no medical insurance. the HHC provides health care, mental care and offers services in substance abuse, this is done through the HHC’s 11 acute care hospital, nursing facilities, six big diagnostic and treatment units and over 80 community based clinics located in various location around the city. The health facility also provides home care services to new Yorkers. (HHC 2007) Organization structureOrganization structure can be defined as the way the organization management is arrangement, different organization structures are employed in different organization pending to various aspects that includes size of the organization, or type of the products the organization is dealing. New York City’s public Hospital System (HHC) has an organ ization structure which is based on divisional structure. This type organization structure is formed in a manner which allows the organization to split the organization into small self managed divisions which operates with some independence. This type of organization structure has allowed the hospital units to perform their duties without hindrance. (Phegan, 2000)Below is the organization structure of New York City’s public Hospital System (HHC)Mission The mission statement of the hospital is underlined below; To provide equally to all people in New York, without regarding their capability of paying, a high quality, comprehensive health care services in a surrounding of care, humane, respect and dignity. To advance and protect, as both advocate and innovator of health, well-being and safety of the New Yorkers; To join together with other health workers and the societies in a joint venture which will ensure that each of the institutions support and care for health services in it†™s fullest aspect. , of total physical, social and mental well- being of individuals. (HHC, 2007)Strategic objectivesHHC has a number of strategic objectives to make sure that the Hospital continuous improving and making innovations which have discerned the public hospital system. These strategic objectives are;

Jamaica, meaning “Land of Wood and Water” is the third...

Jamaica, meaning â€Å"Land of Wood and Water† is the third largest island with 10,991 square kilometers located in the Caribbean south of Cuba and west of Haiti. It has many rivers and beaches. Mountains are also a major portion of Jamaica’s landscape. The Population of Jamaica is 2.7 million in 2010 (PAHO, 2012). Jamaica’s climate is tropical with temperatures of 72 to 93 degrees Fahrenheit (CON, 2013). Tainos, also referred to as Arawaks are the first people known to settle in Jamaica. Ethnicity of Jamaica is very diverse. Beliefs and customs in Jamaica are also very diverse with the majority of the population coming from many different countries bringing beliefs, and customs with them. The main Language is English. Government in†¦show more content†¦Within fifty years all of the Tianos no longer existed. The cause of there being no more Tainos was the harsh treatment of the Spanish had killed them. The Spanish then replaced the Tainos with slaves from Africa and over time made Jamaica a main trading market for slaves (CNO, 2013). In 1655, the English arrived and captured Jamaica. While ruling Jamaica the English brought many ethnic groups to Jamaica (NLJ, n.d.). After the emancipation of slavery in 1807 the English brought the Irish, Chinese, and Indians to Jamaica to work (NLJ, n.d.). The many ethnic groups of Jamaica today are; African, European, Chinese, and Indian (NLJ, n.d.). Language The official language of Jamaica is English. Jamaicans use a soft mixture of American and British English using an Irish accent (Pillai, 2013). The Majority of Jamaicans use a creole language called Patois, a mixture of English and West African (Pillai, 2013). Another language used in Jamaica is Iyaric a new English dialect created by followers of the religion Rastafari (Pillai, 2013). Religion In the early times of Jamaica, the Tainos religion was based on animism worshiping nature, plants, and animals (Pillai, 2013). Animism had two deities, God Yucahu and Goddess Atabey, Yucahu’s mother (Pillai, 2013). The main religion of Jamaica today is Christianity (CNO, 2013). The religion that was started in the 1920’s and 1930’s in Jamaica is Rastafari (Pillai, 2013). This religion, Rastafari, is a mixtureShow MoreRelatedJamaicas Original Inhabitants Were The Arawak Indians1046 Words   |  5 Pages Jamaica s original inhabitants were the Arawak Indians, who called the island Xaymaca, meaning either â€Å"land of wood and water† or â€Å"land of springs.† Columbus landed on the island in 1494. The Arawaks were decimated within a few decades by European diseases and the harsh life settlers imposed on them. The Spanish occupied the island until 1655, when it was captured and colonized by the English. By the late 17th century, the English had established sugarcane plantations and were importing large numbers

What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Influential Person Essay Samples and What You Need to Do Different

What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Influential Person Essay Samples and What You Need to Do Different My mother career goals were rather successful. The woman is why Ethan must return home and supply the essential care required for his mom. Jill writes about a particular person who had a substantial influence on her. Ethan's mother isn't as significant since most major characters. Men and women want to enjoy themselves and have an adequate balance so as to live a joyful life. Money is 1 ingredient in turning into a person of influence. What an excellent feeling to get even before you have there. Obsession with education results in stress, and stress is an incredibly terrible thing in life. Someone might think about the influence one has and the way the environment impacts their personality. If you would like to attain purpose, even when grievance, you must endure the practice. Thus the trouble in the relationship can't really be his. A Startling Fact about Influential Person Essay Samples Uncovered Another kind of fear is the fear of succeeding. If you produce an ethical mistake, make certain you don't attempt to justify it. There are, in addition, some grammatical mistakes. Facts, Fiction and Influential Person Essay Samples If you would like to explode your networking audience, you'll want to enlarge your contact with people beyond your present Networking circle. Because most people just do not even think that it's possible. The focus isn't on that which we do, but that which we deliver. The Gift One of the fantastic facets of working with individuals is that y ou don't ever know when they're likely to surprise you. Essays, generally, covers different topics. Describing your father offers you the benefit of knowing your subject well, but nonetheless, it also involves doing more work to create your essay stick out from the crowd. Reading example essays works exactly the same way! Students need to compose various kinds of essays on several subjects, and descriptive essays are some of the the many articles that students will be asked to present as part of their course work. You don't understand what the essay is about depending on the title, and you may appreciate the title only after reading the essay. Generally speaking, employing the debut of the essay to paint a scene or mood can be quite effective. Share what you consider the topic. You may also secure several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. While you might have spent lots of time working on your goals for the next calendar year, there are lots of things which are going to become in your way to achieving them. A goal has to be time bound. Real change, however, always results from the job, effort, and initiative you have set into yourself. Nevertheless, money may be used as rewards to motivate other people to do the correct things like good performance on the job cooperating with the authorities in capturing the criminals or returning the lost items. Money Money is a typical reason for not pursuing your objective. Influential Person Essay Samples Explained Emotional intelligence is immensely vital in making the empathic state in listening, and the capability to connect with the speaker and her or his message. There are many ways to acquire new details. There are a couple of important observations I have discovered in my experience over the past few years in the home-based company and conventional small business industries. Both examples manage the very same theme (sick parent) but utilize various approaches. Never get rid of sight that you don't ever receive a second chance for an initial impression. The la ke is crystal clear and it's been reported that one can clearly observe the pebbles at the base of the waters 30 feet beneath the surface. You don't know, you can require that persons help later on down the street, therefore it is extremely crucial that you treat everyone you come in touch with respect and admiration. Use real occasions and exact places. The Basics of Influential Person Essay Samples Don't forget that most of the effect of communication is the way you say it not what you say. Be certain to write about each side of the issues to demonstrate you could think objectively and logically. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting an excellent grade. You need to be an individual that possesses strong personal qualities and skills which other individuals want to acquire. There is, in addition, the part of distractions. Evaluate a substantial experience, achievement, or risk you have taken and its effects on you. A couple of the challenges identified were lack of skills, and deficiency of knowledge. All the evidence demonstrates that embracing diversity and inclusion in all facets of business results in significantly superior performance.

The Horror of the Heart of Darkness Free Essays

Heart of Darkness, a novella written by Joseph Conrad, is a sort of monologue by a sailor named Marrow. Marrow’s Journey through the Congo left him In a very emotionally shaken state, as he witnessed multiple deaths, corpses, diseases, and other such calamities. But throughout all of this, Marrow fixates on the most elusive character, a European worshipped by the natives by the name of Kurt. We will write a custom essay sample on The Horror of the Heart of Darkness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kurt is portrayed as a very talented man; owing his artistic, musical, and literary skills to a high upbringing in Europe. He later becomes known as also the most talented ivory exporter in the Congo as well. Quartz’s death, the pinnacle of the novella, reveals to those reading that Kurt Is terrified, of what exactly Is uncertain, as he screams aloud â€Å"The Horror! The horror! † (144) The most correct Interpretation of this statement would be that Quartz’s upbringing in Europe made him an ignorant and greedy man, and thus, when he travels to the Congo, leads him to become a tyrannical leader of both the company (for whom both Kurt and Mill work for) and the natives. Africa had only shown Kurt what was hidden within himself the entire time: A heart of darkness. Kurt was most likely born with a predisposition to money in the same way a dowsing rod is predisposed to find water. Kurt was amazing at getting the ivory he needs, needs, and not wants, as when Marrow first speaks to Quartz’s caretaker in the Jungle, the caretaker mentions that â€Å"[Kurt] would shoot [him] unless [he] gave him the ivory,† Ivory given to Quartz’s caretaker as a gift for hunting big game. The well-to-do Kurt had his normal personality slowly corroded by his experiences In the Jungle, but these experiences all Involved a commodity collected for vanity purposes. Seeking the class and supposed money he once had, Kurt turns to ivory as an addiction and a symbol of his new found wealth. European Society normal effects on Kurt have no hold over him any longer, and thus his true animal does show. Masked under titles such as artist, writer, and musician, Kurt had been noted as no such â€Å"ordinary man,† (125) and yet, surprisingly, these remnants of his past life follow him Into the Congo, but are no longer apart of himself; Rupee’s grasp over his mind Is released and allows him to become Just another â€Å"savage. † Quartz’s hoarding of ivory is completely trivial; he has no real use for it, but became addicted to the prospect of gathering more and more, as if ivory were some sort of drug. Though he works for the company, whose goal it was to gather as much ivory as possible, Kurt still does not send his stockpile of Ivory to their base of operations, and therefore does not get paid, meaning Kurt had only his hut and his Ivory to his name. But because Europe values ivory, and Kurt is the epitome of all that is European, he is mentally wired to gather as much ivory as possible and keep it to myself. He even went so far as to slaughter enemies of a certain African tribe only so that they may assist him in his conquest for ivory. He would stop at nothing to get even the smallest amount of ivory, and it was this untamed lust which drives him to lose sight of everything but the dead-elephant tusks. His mind Is gone, and the cause time. Being that â€Å"All of Europe contributed to the making† (117) of Kurt, it is not difficult to see why both Kurt and Europe want all the ivory to themselves, and will go to any means to do so. While Kurt threatens the lives of others, Europe sends people Just like Kurt, but with much less of a relevant backstops, into the Congo to also aid in taking down the most dangerous animal in Africa for a cosmetic object of appeal. Quartz’s famous finals words, â€Å"The horror! The horror! † (144) point to him finally having his moment of enlightenment, as he â€Å"cried in a whisper at some knowledge[†¦ ] at some image, at some vision[. ]† His realization being that his true being shone through only because of Rupee’s abandonment of Kurt. He was fully nurtured there, made to think like aristocrats in a logical way. But once Kurt had been hung UT to dry in the Congo, he lost that sense of care and safety, and also his logic, only to be left with his emotional reactions to each situation he encounters. In his final moments, Kurt had finally regained a sense of this logic and realized what he had become because of Rupee’s twisted grip on his being. He realizes how terrible his late existence is because of what level he had sunken to; the level of a savage. Oblivious to his surroundings he says â€Å"the horror† twice, twice to reiterate Just how terrible of a person he had always been but did not now. The first cry was a allegation, the second, an acceptance of the truth. In summary, Kurt begins his life with a heart of darkness and carries it with him subtly until reaching the Congo, where he is then unbound and permitted to act how he pleased without any intervention from Europe. He only realizes how terrible he had always been moments before death, and how Europe had kept his darker side chained up like a punished dog. Europe made Kurt a time bomb, ready to blow up at any moment. And when Kurt does finally blow, he shows not the well-educated, proper Kurt of Europe, but rather a parallel, the Kurt with a blazing heart of How to cite The Horror of the Heart of Darkness, Papers

Mall Culture free essay sample

Gone are the days when people had to buy different things from different places. People would visit local Kirana stores for purchasing daily-required household materials, and go to some other local markets for buying clothes. Shopping was never as convenient for people as it is now. The shopper gets the experience of one stop shop. From apparels to FMCG goods, the consumer gets leisure time visiting malls. Each store offers an individual a wide variety be it for choosing a stationery pen or a laptop.One of the reasons for the existence of mall culture is globalization. Products and brands from various places, cultures and communities are under one roof. One of the central features of conventional shopping areas and stores has been their uni-dimentionality. Local festivals and events are given special importance within the mall world. Festivals often become the occasion of greater consumption and are also reflected in the fashion trends of the season. We will write a custom essay sample on Mall Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The globalization of cultureof immense economic activity, though at some expense to the environment. A large mall situated along a narrow road in Gurgaon or Noida is a host to queues of vehicles. Queues that line up several kilometres causing huge deficiency to nation already starved for diesel and petrol. Please check the smog that results from fumes emitted from exhaust tubes of these vehicles. Electricity distributers never have enough to supply to the shopping malls.So they need to burn on an average of 5000-7000 litres of diesel per day to stay in operational mode. Quite a huge volume! This can light up an apartment complex for a month. Now the food courts where you relish your favourite food generates 2-3 tonnes of toxic waste every day. The landfills are helpless. Look where the polystyrene cups and plates that you use go every day. And the poor washroom in a mall that has to take a load of ten thousand visitors every day. You are aware that 50% people never wash their hands after peeing. Then they

Research Paper on Linux vs Windows

Research Paper on Linux vs Windows Linux is a free operating system which was created by an college student for a project for school. He combined a collection of free software and shareware that he downloaded from the Internet, to make an operating system. Linux is unique in that it is not copy righted but is copy left. This simply means that anyone can download Linux and is source code for free and make any adjustments they believe will improve the operating system as long as they make it  available for others to download. This feature can very well be the key that will eventually make Linux the most desirable operating system on the market. Many computer users feel that Windows will never be removed from the position that it has gained in the market. Windows was the first major operating system that used a graphical user interface. It did away with the task of remembering a list of Dos commands to accomplish normal computer activities. With Windows, a user simply has to click on an icon to accomplish a task. Without Windows, personal computers would probably not be as popular as they are today. Linux has several major advantages over Windows. The biggest advantage is probably the cost. Its free as opposed to $400 for Windows. Application software for Linux is also a lot cheaper then Windows software. A lot of Linux software can be  downloaded free off the Internet. There are many Linux user groups that work on developing and testing applications, and making them available for the public. Windows software is mainly developed by large corporations that must make a big profit off their software in order to fulfill their large payrolls. Another major advantage of Linux is the technical support. While you will  probably have to pay for a support package, you will be getting very good support. The people who support Linux are not just college students working a part-time job. They use Linux on an every day basis and truly care about fixing your problems. With Windows, however, tech support is usually free but very lousy. A lot of times the tech-support doesn’t even use the application they are supporting unless they are at work and can only answer questions on which they can find documentation. One disadvantage of Linux is trying to load it. Windows comes with a wizard that installs with very little user input, which makes it very easy to install especially for the average computer user with no technical education. Linux requires hardware knowledge and some Dos commands. The instillation process is very interactive. However, this is rapidly changing, Linux programmers at Redhat are working on creating a wizard to install the operating system and soon it might be easier to install than Windows. Linux is also great for networking, it can be configured to share CPU’s modems and any other hardware. Linux comes shipped with all the software needed to create a very powerful server. It comes with a Mail server, Internet server, Database server, C++ programming tools and many other development tools that you would have to buy separately with Windows NT. Linux is not just an college project anymore, it has advanced into a very powerful and useful operating system. Many say it is just a matter of time till it bypasses Windows and Macintosh. It will probably gain popularity very rapidly in the next 5 years as it becomes easier to install by an average user on a personal computer.

Cortar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Cortar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb  cortar  means to cut or to cut off. It  is a regular  -ar  verb, so to conjugate cortar use the same pattern as other -ar  verbs, like  ayudar  and cenar.  The tables below include  cortar conjugations in the present, past and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, the imperative, and other verb forms like the past and present participles. Using the Verb Cortar In Spanish, cortar  can be used like the verbs to cut or to cut off in English. For example,  Voy a cortar el papel  (I am going to cut the paper), or  Tengo que cortar un pedazo de carne  (I have to cut off a piece of meat). A more informal use of  cortar  is to talk about breaking up a relationship. For example,  Pedro y Ana cortaron la semana pasada  (Pedro and Ana broke up last week). In addition,  cortar  can be used when referring to ending a conversation, especially on the phone. For example,  Yo cortà © la llamada porque llevbamos mucho tiempo hablando  (I ended the call because we had been talking for a long time). Other verbs that have meanings similar to cortar are partir (tu cut, break apart, or divide) and picar (to chop). Cortar Present Indicative Yo corto I cut Yo corto un pedazo de papel con tijeras. T cortas You cut T cortas un trozo de queso para el almuerzo. Usted/l/ella corta You/he/she cuts Ella corta el cordn umbilical del beb. Nosotros cortamos We cut Nosotros cortamos el csped del jardn. Vosotros cortis You cut Vosotros cortis pelo en el saln de belleza. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cortan You/they cut Ellos cortan las flores para hacer un arreglo. Cortar Preterite  Indicative The preterite  tense can be translated as the simple past in English. It is used to talk about completed actions  in the past. Yo cort I cut Yo cort un pedazo de papel con tijeras. T cortaste You cut T cortaste un trozo de queso para el almuerzo. Usted/l/ella cort You/he/she cut Ella cort el cordn umbilical del beb. Nosotros cortamos We cut Nosotros cortamos el csped del jardn. Vosotros cortasteis You cut Vosotros cortasteis pelo en el saln de belleza. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cortaron You/they cut Ellos cortaron las flores para hacer un arreglo. Cortar Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense can be translated to English as was cutting or used to cut. It is used to talk about ongoing or habitual actions in the past.   Yo cortaba I used to cut Yo cortaba un pedazo de papel con tijeras. T cortabas You used to cut T cortabas un trozo de queso para el almuerzo. Usted/l/ella cortaba You/he/she used to cut Ella cortaba el cordn umbilical del beb. Nosotros cortbamos We used to cut Nosotros cortbamos el csped del jardn. Vosotros cortabais You used to cut Vosotros cortabais pelo en el saln de belleza. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cortaban You/they used to cut Ellos cortaban las flores para hacer un arreglo. Cortar Future  Indicative Yo cortar I will cut Yo cortar un pedazo de papel con tijeras. T cortars You will cut T cortars un trozo de queso para el almuerzo. Usted/l/ella cortar You/he/she will cut Ella cortar el cordn umbilical del beb. Nosotros cortaremos We will cut Nosotros cortaremos el csped del jardn. Vosotros cortaris You will cut Vosotros cortaris pelo en el saln de belleza. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cortarn You/they will cut Ellos cortarn las flores para hacer un arreglo. Cortar Periphrastic Future  Indicative The periphrastic future is formed by three components: the present tense conjugation of the  verb  ir  (to go), the preposition  a  and the infinitive of the verb.   Yo voy a cortar I am going to cut Yo voy a cortar un pedazo de papel con tijeras. T vas a cortar You are going to cut T vas a cortar un trozo de queso para el almuerzo. Usted/l/ella va a cortar You/he/she is going to cut Ella va a cortar el cordn umbilical del beb. Nosotros vamos a cortar We are going to cut Nosotros vamos a cortar el csped del jardn. Vosotros vais a cortar You are going to cut Vosotros vais a cortar pelo en el saln de belleza. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a cortar You/they are going to cut Ellos van a cortar las flores para hacer un arreglo. Cortar  Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present participle (gerundio  in Spanish) is used to form progressive forms such as the present progressive. To conjugate progressive tenses  you need an auxiliary verb, which in this case is the verb  estar. Present Progressive of Cortar   est cortando  Is cutting Ella est cortando el cordà ³n umbilical del bebà ©. Cortar Past Participle The past participle can be used as an adjective, or to form compound tenses such as the present perfect. Compound tenses include the verb  haber  as an auxiliary verb. Present Perfect of Cortar ha cortado  Has cut Ella ha cortado el cordà ³n umbilical del bebà ©. Cortar Conditional  Indicative The conditional tense is used to talk about possibilities or hypothetical situations, and is translated to English as would verb.   Yo cortara I would cut Yo cortara un pedazo de papel con tijeras si fuera necesario. T cortaras You would cut T cortaras un trozo de queso para el almuerzo, pero ya se acab. Usted/l/ella cortara You/he/she would cut Ella cortara el cordn umbilical del beb si el doctor se lo permitiera. Nosotros cortaramos We would cut Nosotros cortaramos el csped del jardn, pero no tenemos cortadora. Vosotros cortarais You would cut Vosotros cortarais pelo en el saln de belleza si hubiera espacio. Ustedes/ellos/ellas cortaran You/they would cut Ellos cortaran las flores para hacer un arreglo, pero es prohibido. Cortar Present Subjunctive Que yo corte That I cut La maestra pide que yo corte un pedazo de papel con tijeras. Que t cortes That you cut La nia quiere que t cortes un trozo de queso para el almuerzo. Que usted/l/ella corte That you/he/she cut El mdico permite que ella corte el cordn umbilical del beb. Que nosotros cortemos That we cut Mam quiere que nosotros cortemos el csped del jardn. Que vosotros cortis That you cut La estilista recomienda que vosotros cortis pelo en el saln de belleza. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas corten That you/they cut La florista quiere que ellos corten las flores para hacer un arreglo. Cortar Imperfect  Subjunctive There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive (which is also called the past subjunctive). Both options are correct. Option 1 Que yo cortara That I cut La maestra peda que yo cortara un pedazo de papel con tijeras. Que t cortaras That you cut La nia quera que t cortaras un trozo de queso para el almuerzo. Que usted/l/ella cortara That you/he/she cut El mdico permita que ella cortara el cordn umbilical del beb. Que nosotros cortramos That we cut Mam quera que nosotros cortramos el csped del jardn. Que vosotros cortarais That you cut La estilista recomendaba que vosotros cortarais pelo en el saln de belleza. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas cortaran That you/they cut La florista quera que ellos cortaran las flores para hacer un arreglo. Option 2 Que yo cortase That I cut La maestra peda que yo cortase un pedazo de papel con tijeras. Que t cortases That you cut La nia quera que t cortases un trozo de queso para el almuerzo. Que usted/l/ella cortase That you/he/she cut El mdico permita que ella cortase el cordn umbilical del beb. Que nosotros cortsemos That we cut Mam quera que nosotros cortsemos el csped del jardn. Que vosotros cortaseis That you cut La estilista recomendaba que vosotros cortaseis pelo en el saln de belleza. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas cortasen That you/they cut La florista quera que ellos cortasen las flores para hacer un arreglo. Cortar Imperative   The imperative mood is used to give direct orders or commands. The tables below show the positive and negative commands. Positive Commands T corta Cut! Corta un trozo de queso para el almuerzo! Usted corte Cut! Corte el cordn umbilical del beb! Nosotros cortemos Lets cut! Cortemos el csped del jardn! Vosotros cortad Cut! Cortad pelo en el saln de belleza! Ustedes corten Cut! Corten las flores para hacer un arreglo! Negative Commands T no cortes Dont cut! No cortes un trozo de queso para el almuerzo! Usted no corte Dont cut! No corte el cordn umbilical del beb! Nosotros no cortemos Lets not cut! No cortemos el csped del jardn! Vosotros no cortis Dont cut! No cortis pelo en el saln de belleza! Ustedes no corten Dont cut! No corten las flores para hacer un arreglo!

Voter Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Voter Psychology - Essay Example why voters cast their ballots for this candidate and that party. Downs implies that what is ideal is to vote on the basis of issues and ideologies but the reality is that many voters follow certain rules and others certain logical steps which they use as guidelines to vote. Downs intimates that most voters vote for selfish reasons, that at the heart of the voting process is their own interests, which is the maximization of their utility incomes (42). If their incomes are below the desired level, they are apt to support a change of the status quo and thus a vote against the incumbent. But if their incomes have skyrocketed because of the incumbent's policies that favor them, they will necessarily dread a change of policies or a fracture in the continuity of present policies and thus bat for retention of the incumbent in office. fat chance of winning. Thus in order to ensure that his voting is not an exercise in futility, he becomes engaged in forecasting, predicting and estimating the outcome of the election contest. If such processes prove that his preferred bet is not "part of the relevant range of choice" (48), then he has no option but switch vote for another party that has a better chance of winning. Related to the idea that a voter opts for that which carries or protects the voter's best interests is the idea of partisanship. Downs, however, refuses to mention this word. Instead, he designates partisans as loyalists (85), who have set their minds to vote for a particular candidate election after election. These voters are knowledgeable about the issues and are often zealous and participative in political discussions. Downs also introduces the idea of trend factor which voters may use as guideline in their decision of whom to vote for in an election (41). Voters tend to reelect the incumbent who at the outset of his government incurred mistakes but then has improved steadily his governance and at the present has governed expertly to voters' satisfaction. Conversely, voters tend to boot out of office that incumbent who started office splendidly, but has since spiraled out to degeneracy. Another Downs syndrome is the performance ratings concept (41). Sometimes voters are thrown out of equilibrium when candidates carry identical platforms and policies. To resolve the impasse, the basis of the decision is drastically changed to whether or not the incumbent has performed better in office than their predecessors. If not, then the verdict is to replace the incumbent.

Buss's Strategic Conflict Model Between Two Sexes Essay

Buss's Strategic Conflict Model Between Two Sexes - Essay Example These studies, according to Buss, provide modest support for the strategic conflict model and implicate the negative emotions of anger and upset as proximate mechanisms that alert men and women to strategic interference. Moreover, the diversity of upset elicitors discovered here (being condescending, possessive, neglecting, abusive, inconsiderate, moody, and self-centered), point to the limitations of this evolutionary model and the need to develop more comprehensive models of conflict between the sexes. At a closer look, the following observations and comments have been drawn: First, the highly selective samples of American college students and their generalizability may be limited. There is an uneven distribution of subjects, with 51 men and 56 women. Second, the reliance on self-report measures, although that has been the methodology of choice in most research examining sexual desires may not yield and objective result. Self-rating method can be bias in the sense that the subjects feelings and prejudice may interfere with the results. Moreover, the subjects have so many differences. They come from different backgrounds and have differing knowledge and perceptions of the same and opposite sexes of participants. They also differ in dating history and marital status. The ones with longer dating history may have different perceptions and experiences with those of short-term dating. The married ones, divorced, widowed and singles have definitely different experiences and maturity. In addition, this is a problematic development of upset instrument because the instrument is based on responses from undergraduates only. There is a disparity in the level of maturity compared to the lower and higher levels of actual, real-life individuals and experiences, as well as psychological make-up. Furthermore, the participants of this research are either single and in a relationship. This could lead to the responses based on the participant's imaginative capabilities. This could further cause more differences. Another bias is the partial explanation for males only, such as: Men's upset and anger about women's withholding of sex. Women are not necessarily upset and angered by the hypothesized feature of male reproductive strategy involving sexual aggressiveness. According to attachment fertility theory (Miller and Fishkin, 1997) that might argue that unattached participants were in the phase of "promiscuously" seeking potential mates in an attempt to enhance the likelihood of a good mate choice. The unattached female here can take male's aggression and may be happy with it because of the initial motivation of seeking a potential mate. Female, in this case are unfairly described. In addition, differences of features of the opposite sex's reproductive strategy or different reproductive strategy may not interfere with one's adopted reproductive strategy and thus cause conflict. Moreover, the research claims that negative emotions provide signal and reduce

Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Coronary Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments CAD also known as coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease is a disease caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, referred to as atherosclerosis which reduces the amount of oxygenated blood to the heart (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). CAD encompasses two pathologies, angina and myocardial infarction, commonly recognized as a heart attack (Parmet, Glass Glass, 2004). Angina is best described by pain or discomfort in the chest area, pain caused by angina can radiate throughout the body to various muscle areas (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Stoppage of oxygen-rich blood to particular heart muscles results in a heart attack, delayed restoration of blood flow can result in severe muscle damage to the heart and possibly death (Parmet, Glass Glass, 2004). With approximately sixteen million Americans suffering from CAD, a person dies every minute as a victim of the disease (American Heart Association [AHA], 2012). The following paper will comprehensively examine CAD. Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart The heart is an essential organ that is responsible for pumping blood all throughout the body and supplying it with oxygen and nutrients; it is the central hub for the cardiovascular system and acts as the transport system of the body, which performs via electrical conduction activity (Burke et al., 1999). Major anatomical structures of the heart consist of the aorta, the pulmonary artery and vein, coronary arteries and the valves (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). The aorta is the main artery that pumps the blood out of the heart and to the rest of the body; the pulmonary artery and vein transport deoxygenated and oxygenated blood respectively, and the coronary arteries make a crown on the heart muscle and supply the myocardium with oxygenated blood and nutrients (Crawford, 2011). The valves in the heart are responsible for preventing backflow of blood and allow the blood to circulate in a uniform fashion (Crawford, 2011). The electrical conduction system of the heart accounts for the beati ng of the heart allowing it to contract and act as the pump of the body (Burke et al., 1999). CAD: Pathophysiology Occlusion of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup leads to a condition called atherosclerosis; atherosclerosis refers to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries leading to damage to the blood vessels and is a major contributor to many heart diseases and disorders (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Atherosclerotic plaques are formed from lipid and fat deposits such as cholesterol, these formations are indicative of diet as a risk factor in developing CAD (Chandra-Bose, 2012). Arteries are composed of three layers: adventita, intima, and media; the plaque typically develops between the intima and media layers (Crawford, 2011). The atherosclerotic plaques narrow the lumen of the arteries causing decreased amounts of blood to reach the heart and over time harden them causing decreased flexibility during vasoconstriction and vasodilatation (Chandra-Bose, 2012). Additionally, the atherosclerotic plaques can dislodge causing thrombosis and ischemic events, when the coronary arteries func tion is compromised, the heart does not receive adequate supply of oxygenated blood and nutrients causing decrease cardiac function (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). At times of stress, the body will try to counteract these changes to achieve homeostasis by exerting more energy than normal; however, prolonged exertion initiates a cascade of many disease processes and pathologies, such as cardiomyopathy, heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and characteristically myocardial infarction (Ruth, 2011). CAD: Risk Factors CAD tends to be the most common cause of death and disability in the United States (AHA, 2012). Common risk factors of CAD are family history, physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking and alcohol consumption; additionally, health issues such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity are also prevailing risk factors (Ruth, 2011). A person that has a family history of heart disease is at greater risk of developing CAD; physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity interrelated for developing CAD (AHA, 2012). Obesity has become an epidemic that affects one in four Americans and results in many life-threatening consequences, notably CAD (AHA, 2012). Heart disease has become the cause of death in industrialized nations compared to underdeveloped nations due to sedentary lifestyles and an increased consumption of fast food (Chan, 2011). One of the most preventable risk factors for any disease is smoking, and for cardiovascular disease it is the number one preventable cause (Rut h, 2011). Other contributing risk factors include age and gender, males are typically more likely to develop CAD at an earlier age than women, however, the risk equalizes in old age (Ruth, 2011). Research has indicated that CAD paired with diabetes, hypertension, and/or hypercholesterolemia can breed fatal consequences (Chan, 2011). CAD: Symptoms Most patients of CAD are asymptomatic, whereas other patients can present with a variety of symptoms such as shortness of breath, tightness around the chest, chest pain, clenched fist, or possibly death; patients that do however exhibit symptoms typically tend to have advanced stages of damage to their coronary arteries (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Angina is the classic heart pain most patients complain about that is caused by ischemia which is the lack of oxygen supply to a region of the heart (Chandra-Bose, 2012). Patients can experience angina at anytime, however characteristically its exhibited after a person has been involved in an extraneous activity, such as exercise; angina can be categorized as stable, unstable, or variant (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). CAD: Complications Myocardial infarction occurs when the heart is deprived of oxygenated blood because of rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque, resulting in a state of ischemia; the area of the heart that the damage occurs depends on the vessels that are occluded, exhibiting a variety of symptoms and/or complications (Torpy, Lynm Glass, 2008). Therefore, essentially if a patient experiences a myocardial infarction at a particular region of the heart that area will suffer an ischemic event and kills the heart tissue and makes it dysfunctional (Torpy et al., 2008). Overall, a myocardial infarction has a poor prognosis and tends to lead to morbidity and mortality (Burke et al., 1999). CAD: Diagnosis CAD is a condition that develops over time; therefore, there arent any palpable tests that can indicate if a person is suffering from CAD (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). When examining the onset of CAD, healthcare providers consider a patients history, physical exams and relative risk factors (Andraws, Berger Brown, 2005). Healthcare providers utilize electrocardiogram, stress testing, echocardiography, and laboratory testing when examining patients that are at risk of developing CAD (Andraws, Berger Brown, 2005). Electrocardiograms also known as an EKG or ECG detect the hearts electrical activity, rhythm, heart rate, axis, and any abnormal enlargements of the heart; an EKG is a quick and efficient way of indicating whether a patient has experienced or is experiencing a myocardial infarction (Andraws et al., 2005). Stress testing can be induced by exercise or medication for evaluating ischemia in a patient; an echocardiography utilizes sound waves to monitor the hearts activity, includi ng the size, shape, and blood flow; laboratory testing, such as blood tests are conducted on a regular basis to assess the levels of cholesterol, sugar, and proteins such as inflammatory markers (Andraws et al., 2005). Other tools, such as chest x-rays, angiography, positron emission tomography, and cardiac cauterization can be utilized for patients with greater risk factors and/or advanced stages of CAD (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). CAD: Treatment CAD is a complex disease since it encompasses other pathologies (AHA, 2012). However, treatment options for CAD tend to be simple at its early stages, such as lifestyle changes; patients are encouraged to partake in therapeutic lifestyle changes such as daily exercise, eating healthy well-balanced meals, and stress and weight management; comprehensive therapeutic lifestyle changes help regulate the risk of other diseases such diabetes, hypertension and obesity (Ruth, 2011). Therapeutic life changes help reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol and maintaining a body mass index of less than 25, which is considered to be normal (Ruth, 2011). For advanced stages of CAD, medication such as anticoagulants, aspirin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitroglycerin are prescribed to help reduce symptoms, lower cholesterol and blood pressure, prevent blood clots; aspirin is the leading medication to help relieve angina and prevent myocardial infarction (McPhee Papa dakis, 2011). Patients that have extensive damage to their arteries or have experienced a myocardial infarction may require medical procedures, such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting; angioplasty or percutaneous coronary intervention is a medical procedure done to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries, this is commonly referred to having a stent put in place to prevent future blockage from occurring (Ruth, 2011). Coronary artery bypass grafting is an extensive surgical procedure done where doctors use blood vessels from other areas of the body that arent blocked to bypass narrowed and damaged coronary arteries, thus improving the blood flow to the heart (Ruth, 2011). Conclusion CAD is a disease caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, referred to as atherosclerosis which reduces the amount of oxygenated blood to the heart (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Occlusion of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup leads to a condition called atherosclerosis; atherosclerosis refers to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries leading to damage to the blood vessels and is a major contributor to many heart diseases and disorders (McPhee Papadakis, 2011).With approximately sixteen million Americans suffering from CAD, a person dies every minute as a victim of the disease (AHA, 2012). Common risk factors of CAD are family history, physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking and alcohol consumption; additionally, health issues such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity are also prevailing risk factors (Ruth, 2011). CAD is a condition that develops over time; therefore, there arent any palpable tests that can indicate if a person is suffering from CAD (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Treatment options for CAD tend to be simple at its early stages, such as lifestyle changes (Ruth, 2011); for advanced stages of CAD, medication such as anticoagulants, aspirin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitroglycerin are prescribed to help reduce symptoms, lower cholesterol and blood pressure, prevent blood clots; aspirin is the leading medication to help relieve angina and prevent myocardial infarction (McPhee Papadakis, 2011). Patients that have extensive damage to their arteries or have experienced a myocardial infarction may require medical procedures, s uch as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (Ruth, 2011).

Motivation Theories Essay

Content theories of motivation are based on the fact that the labor activity of workers due solely to the needs and focus on their identification. In turn, procedural theories of motivation are based on the fact that behavior of an individual is determined not only by a person’s needs, but also by the perception of the situation, expectations for the capacity, as well as the effects of the selected type of behavior, according to Motivation. Needs. It should be noted that Abraham Maslow recognized that people have many different needs and they could be divided into five main categories: he theory of justice expectations. According to this theory, the results achieved by the employee depend on three variables: the effort, the ability of a person’s character and awareness of its role in the labor process. The level of effort, in turn, depends on the value of interest and assesses the likelihood of relations efforts and rewarded. Achieving the desired results can lead to internal rewards of the satisfaction of the work performed, and external rewards – financial incentives, praise, career, etc. It is also believed that there may be a link between performance and employee to give him rewards that reflect the possibilities determined by the head of a particular employee and the organization. Value theory by L. Porter – E. Lawler in the practice of motivation is that it shows how important it is to create a motivational system to combine elements such as effort, ability, results, reward, satisfaction and perception. Furthermore L. Porter – E. Lawler showed that the high productivity of work is the cause of complete satisfaction, rather than a consequence of it. An important conclusion of this theory is the need to change the employee’s salary, depending on the success of his work. According to the theory of justice, people have their own assessment of the equity interest issued for certain results. Satisfaction – is the result of internal and external rewards based on their equity. Satisfaction is a measure of how valuable reward actually is. This assessment will affect the person’s perception of future situations. Motivational concepts that are also enough known are related to a group of content theories are the theory of David McClelland, in which he focuses on the needs of the higher levels: power, success and involvement. On this basis, according to McClelland, there is a fourth requirement – to avoid trouble, obstacles or opposition to the implementation of the above three requirements. Motivational and hygienic model of F. Herzberg. It is widely known among scholars and practitioners was another model of motivation, developed F. Hertzberg with employees in the mid 50-ies of XX century and known as the â€Å"two-factor theory of hygiene. † As hygiene factors, he took the following: company policy and administration;  working conditions; earnings; interpersonal relationships with superiors, colleagues and subordinates; degree of direct control over the work. Motivation, according to F. Herzberg, is achievement of objectives, promotion, high level of responsibility and autonomy, creative and business growth, recognition, interesting content work. According to F. Herzberg hygiene factors themselves are not a cause for satisfaction, but their degradation leads to dissatisfaction with work, according to Frederick Herzberg’s motivation and hygiene factors. Therefore, these factors are not motivating for employees’ value. Group motivators directly cause job satisfaction and affect the level of labor achievements. The theory of five nuclear factors by Hackman and Oldham. In the 70-ies of XX century was published a review of Hackman and Oldham the impact of the content of labor to maintain motivation. Developing the doctrine F. Herzberg, in their model, they identified five so-called nuclear factors, which, to them, a significant effect on work motivation. In accordance with the severity of these factors in the ordinary activities of the employee, they lead to the specific experiences that Hackman and Oldham called â€Å"critical mental states. Group theory of valence-instrumentality expectations includes concepts of Heinz Heckhausen, Vroom and a number of similar theories relating to procedural learning motivation towards work behavior. Common to these theories is the proposition that there is a requirement – not only requirement motivation. People consciously choose a course of conduct which, in their view, would lead to the desired results. These theories try to explain what objectives are formed, and why, how persistent they are pursued to achieve the expected results. The theory of Justice S. Adams. The group process of theories of motivation is aimed at organizational problems of production, the substance of the work, and is to be widely used in the western management â€Å"theory of justice†, developed in the 60 years of XX century. Adams, on the results of studies conducted in the company â€Å"General-Electric†. This theory postulates the search for the individual a certain state of equilibrium with its social environment (in particular, in terms of evaluation and pay, rewards for achievement). Individual compares two relationships: the relationship between his own effort and reward; same ratio, seen in monitoring the activities of others and to compare with their own efforts and reward. The theory of motivation of D. Atkinson. One of the theories is a process known as the theory of motivation of D. Atkinson, the essence of which is as follows. Employee behavior is the result of the interaction of the individual qualities of the individual and the situation of its perception. Each person strives for success, avoids failure and has two related motives: the motive for success and motivations to avoid failures. The theory of reinforcement B. Skinner. A significant contribution to the study of the mechanisms of human motivation to work made development of B. Skinner, who proposed the theory in 1938, increase motivation (reinforcement theory), the essence of which is as follows: people’s behavior is determined by their past experiences. Consequently, workers prefer a mission that in the past entailed positive results, according to Theories of Motivation. All in all, there are many motivational theories and many authors who have shown their opinion considering the issue. Lyman Porter and Edward Lawler, Maslow, Atkinson Heckhausen, and Hackman and Oldham have different point of view but all of them have something in common. The theories of motivation describe the reasons and personal development that a human has and expands its potential, as well as the need for self-actualization that can never be fully satisfied. Works cited Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs motivational model.

Grow Calcium Chloride Crystals

Its easy to grow calcium chloride crystals. The crystals are thin, six-sided needles that catch the light so that they seem to glow from within. Materials calcium chloride - CaCl2water - H2O Although you may not know it, you probably have calcium chloride in your home. This salt is used in moisture control products, such as DampRid, and in salt to remove ice from sidewalks. If you use road salt, check the label to make sure its calcium chloride and not another chemical. You can also order calcium chloride online. Grow Crystals The procedure for growing calcium chloride crystals is essential the same as growing table salt crystals or those of any salt.   Heat water to a full rolling boil. The solubility of any salt is highly dependent on temperature.Stir in calcium chloride until it stops dissolving. If you like, you can filter the solution into a new container, discarding any remaining solids.Place the container with the solution in a place where it wont be disturbed. Let the crystals grow. Tips Ordinarily you can remove crystals and preserve them, but calcium chloride is so hygroscopic, taking the crystals out and leaving them in open air will lead to degradation within hours. Its best to appreciate these crystals in their solution.Calcium chloride crystals are naturally colorless. You can try to color the crystals by adding food coloring to the crystal growing solution.One easy way to grow these crystals is simply to leave a container of DampRid hanging in your home or vehicle. Eventually the conditions will become right for crystal formation.